Basic Structure Of Cystoscope

Cystoscope is a kind of optical endoscope with complex structure. There are many kinds and different structures, but the main components are the lens sheath, speculum, intubator, obturator, accessories and so on.
Lens sheath
Its function is to make the speculum can be smoothly introduced, flush the bladder and provide lighting source. The basic structure of the concave cystoscope and its name are three parts: front end, mirror rod and back end. The front end is very short, about 1.5 cm long, and the mirror rod into an Angle, there are two types of concave and convex; The front end is the device part of the light source (while the McCarthy cystoscope does not have a light source), and the light source bulb voltage is fixed, generally 2.5 volts, 3 volts and 4.5 volts. In modern times, a new type of cold light source fiber cystoscope, a bromo-tungsten lamp is used as a light source, and a light guide fiber beam is connected to the cystoscope, and then the guide beam is fixed inside the mirror rod, and the light is directed to the front of the small window of the mirror sheath. Therefore, there is no lamp device at the front end of the lens sheath, but the light is soft and extremely bright. This new type of light fiber cystoscope is also called cold light source cystoscope because there is no lamp light source at the front end and no heat is generated.
A small tungsten bulb is installed in a small hollow window at the front end of a common cystoscope. At the front end of the concave or convex mirror sheath, there is a small oval window equipped with sealed glass, and the light from the bulb light source or the cold light source is emitted from the small window to illuminate the field of vision. The top is a small metal screw cap, which can be removed or tightened for replacing or inspecting the lamp. One end of the tungsten wire in the bulb is attached to the side metal tube wall behind the bulb; The metal tube is insulated from the surrounding, but is connected with an insulated metal wire; The insulated metal wire is connected with a pole at the back end along the mirror rod; The other end of the tungsten wire is in contact with the top metal cap, and the lens sheath itself is connected to the other pole of the back end.